Prepare-and-measure QKD

Decoy-state BB84

Decoy intensities help estimate single-photon yields for weak coherent sources.

Core idea

Signal and decoy pulses reveal whether channel behavior depends suspiciously on photon number.

Minimal mathematics

The MVP uses a pedagogical lower-bound proxy for Q1 and e1 rather than a full finite-key decoy analysis.

Typical assumptions

  • Intensity settings are characterized
  • Decoy statistics are simplified
  • Side-channel leakage is not modeled

Common failure modes

  • Source intensity modulation flaws
  • Finite statistics
  • Detector side channels

Related tools

References

  • Hwang decoy-state method
  • Lo, Ma, and Chen decoy-state QKD